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Showing posts with label Class 9 Grammar. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Class 9 Grammar. Show all posts

Prepositions - Class 7, Class 9 - Grammar

Preposition - A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a noun-equivalent to show its relation to some other word in the sentence.
Phrasal Prepositions - These are phrases working as prepositions.

Example - by means of, on account of etc.

Some Important Prepositions


Since & For

Since is used before a point of time, while for is used before a period of time.

Example - I did not see you for a long time.
My cousin brother has been here since Monday last.

Since and From

Both since and from are used before a point of time but since is preceeded by a verb in the perfect tense, while from can be used with any tense.

Example - Albert has started rowing from (or since) Monday last.
Albert started rowing from yesterday. (not since)
Albert started rowing from today. (not since)
Albert will start rowing from tomorrow. not since

Before, by & within

Before and by are used with a point of time, while within is used with a period of time. Before means any time within specified limit of time and by means not after the specified limit of time.

Example - You must come back by 8pm. (not after 8pm)
You must come back before 8pm. (any time before 8pm)
Albert came back within an hour. (not before)

In & within

In means at the end of while within means before the end of.

Example - The movie will end within an hour. (before the hour is passed)
The movie will end in an hour. (at the end of the hour)

In & into

In refers to position already inside anything and into refers to a movement towards the inside of anything.

Example - I am in the garden.
I went into the garden.

In & at

In refers to a much wider space or time than at.

Example - Lady Hydari Park is at Shillong in Meghalaya.

In & after

In is used about the future time, while after is used about the past.

Example - I will come in a few minutes.
I have left after an hour.

On & at

On is used before a particular date or day and at before a particular hour.

Example - I shall come on Friday at 9 o'clock.

Between & among

Between is used about two persons or things, while among is used for referring to more than two persons or things.

Example - The money was divided between the two workers.
She is the most beautiful among all the girls in her class.

Beside & besides

Beside means by the side of while besides means in addition to.

Example - Besides Mayank, his friends also sat beside me.

By & with

By is used with the doer or agent while with is used before the object with which a person does a thing.

Example - The online test was not done by me.
The online test was done with the help of my friend.

Except & excepting

Except means without while excepting means without excluding.

Example : Everyone came to the party except Albert. (Albert did not come)
Everyone not excepting Albert came to the party. (Albert came)

To

To is used to refer direction or destination.

Example - After the lockdown, students need to go to school.

Tenses - Class 7, Class 9 - Grammar

Tenses - Class 7, Class 9 Grammar

Tense - The tense is the change of form in a verb to express the time of an action. There are three principal tenses.

  • The Present Tense describes an action in the present time.
  • The Past Tense describes an action in the past time
  • The Future Tense describes an action in the future time
  • Each of these principal tenses has four forms : Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.
  • Tenses Present Past Future
    Indefinite Rule Subject + V1 form Subject + V2 form Subject + will/shall + V1 form
    Use Universal truth, habitual action Action in the past Action that will happen in the future
    Continuous Rule Subject + is/am/are + V (ing) form Subject + was/were + V (ing) form Subject + will be/shall be + V (ing) form
    Use Action going on at present Action that was goint on at past Action as going on at some future time
    Perfect Rule Subject + has/have V3 form Subject + had + V3 form Subject + will have/shall have + V3 form
    Use Action just finished Action complete before another past action Action that will be completed in future
    Perfect Continuous Rule Subject + has been + V (ing) form + since/for Subject + had been + V (ing) form + since/for Subject + will have been/shall have been + V (ing) form + since/for
    Use Action going on and is not finished Action had been going on in the past No longer in practical use

    Active and Passive Voice

    Active and Passive voice - Class 7, Class 9

  • Active voice - The form of the verb which shows the importance of its subject(doer of the action) is called the active voice.

  • Passive voice - The form of the verb which shows the importance of its object(receiver of the action) rather than the subject, it is called the passive voice.


  • General Rules to express a passive voice:

    1. The Passive voice is formed by using appropriate forms of the verb be with the third form of the main verb.
    2. The object takes the place of the subject.
    3. The subject is either left out or mentioned at the end as a mere agent of the action done.
    4. The verb does not change its tense, but its form only.
    5. The preposition by is mostly used to show the subject as an agent of action. Sometimes other prepositions like to, with, at and in etc. are used in place of by.
    6. Prepositions inseperable attached with the verb in the active voice are not dropped while using by.
    7. There is no passive voice of the verbs used in Future Continuous tense and the three (Present/Past/Future)Perfect Continuous forms.

    Rules :Chaning various forms of verbs from active voice to passive voice

  • Present Indifinite Tense - Passive voice is formed by using is, am, or are before the third form of the verb.
  • Present Continuous Tense - Passive voice is formed by using is or am or are + being + third form of verb.
  • Present Perfect Tense - Passive voice is formed by using has or have + been + third form of verb.
  • Past Indefinite Tense - Passive voice is formed by using was or were + third form of verb.
  • Past Continuous Tense - Passive voice is formed by using was + were + being + third form of the verb.
  • Past Perfect Tense - Passive voice is formed by using had + been + third form of verb.
  • Future Indefinite Tense - Passive voice is formed by using will/shall + be + third form of verb.
  • Future Perfect Tense - Passive voice is formed by using will/shall + have been + third form of verb.
  •